Parle Project Essay

Parle Products Pvt. Ltd.: A cream colored yellow stripped paper with a cute baby photo containing 10-12 biscuits with the company’s name printed with in Red. Times changed, variety of biscuits did come and go but nothing has changed with these biscuits. Yes, the size of their packing has definitely changed but for the consumer good as these are money saver pack. The Parle name conjures up fond memories across the length and breadth of the country. After all, since 1929, the people of India have been growing up on Parle biscuits and sweets. Initially a small company was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai city to manufacture sweets and toffees. The year was 1929 and the market was dominated by famous international brands that were imported freely. Despite the odds and unequal competition, this company called Parle Products, survived and succeeded by adhering to high quality and improvising from time to time A decade later, in 1939, .Parle products began manufacturing biscuits, in a ddition to sweets and toffees. Having already established a reputation for quality, the Parle brand name grew in strength with this diversification. Parle Glucose and Parle Monaco were the first brands of biscuits to be introduced, which later went on to become leading names for great taste and quality. For around 75 years, Parle have been manufacturing quality biscuits and confectionary products. Over the years Parle has grown to become a multimillion dollar company with many of the products as market leaders in their category. The recent introduction of Hide & Seek chocolate chip biscuits is a product of innovation and caters to a new taste, being India’s first ever chocolate chip biscuits. Apart from the factories in Mumbai and Bangalore Parle also has factories in Bahadurgarh in Haryana and Neemrana in Rajasthan, which are the largest biscuit and confectionery plants in the country. Additionally, Parle Products also has 7 manufacturing units and 51 manufacturing units on contract. All these factories are located at strategic locations, so as to ensure a constant output and easy distribution. Brands An in-depth understanding of the Indian consumer psyche has helped Parle evolve a marketing philosophy that reflects the needs of the Indian masses. With products designed keeping both health and taste in mind, Parle appeals to both health conscious mothers and fun loving kids. The great tradition of taste and nutrition is consistent in every pack on the store shelves, even today. The value-for-money positioning allows people from all classes and age groups to enjoy Parle products to the fullest. Biscuit goodies:| Confectionary:| Parle-G| GolGappa| Krackjack| Classic Mint| Monaco| Lite Mint| Monaco Funion| Kismi| Kreams| Orange Candy| Hide and Seek| Mango Bite| Hide and Seek Milano| Melody| | Poppins| | Eclairs- 50 p| Bourbon| Melody Softe- 1Rs.| | Kismi Bar| Parle Marie| Chox| | Kacha Mango| Milk Shakti| Mazelo| | Imli Bite| | Kismi Gold| Parle 20-20 Cookies| Munch on snacks:| Nimkin| Musst Bites| Parle biscuits: Parle biscuits are linked with factors of power and wisdom providing nutrition and strength. Parle biscuits are indeed much more than a tea- time snack, they are considered by many to be an important part of their daily food. Parle can treat you with a basket of biscuits which are not only satisfying but are also of good and reliable quality. Parle biscuits cater to all tastes from kids to senior citizens. They have found their way into the Indian hearts and homes. Parle G For over 65 years, Parle G has been a part of the lives of every Indian. From the snow capped mountains in the north to the sultry towns in the south, from frenetic cities to laid back villages, Parle G has nourished strengthened and delighted millions. Filled with the goodness of milk and wheat, Parle G is not just a treat for the taste buds, but a source of strength for both body and mind. Tear over a packet of Parle G to experience what has nourished Generations of Indians since last sixty five years, making it truly Hindustan Ki Taakat. Pack Sizes available: 16.5G, 38.5G, 60.5G, 82.5G, 99G, 209G, 313.5G, 418G, 825G 20-20 Rich butter and tempting cashews. An irresistible combination. Parle Twenty-20 cookies. Baked to perfection to deliver the perfect experience of taste and aroma, they melt in your mouth to give you a cookie eating experience unlike one you have ever had before enjoy a feast of crunchy, crispy scrumptious cookies. Pack Sizes available: 75 G, 110 G, 225 G Monaco Share the company of great taste anytime, anywhere with Monaco. A light crispy biscuit sprinkled with salt, Monaco adds a namkeen twist to life’s ordinary moments. Pack Sizes available: 75 G, 120 G, 240 G Hide and Seek The ingredients that go into making this prized cookie are a well-guarded secret. What is is the effect it has on those who eat it. A cookie with a reputation for romance. Indulge in the sinful taste of Milano and everything that follows it. Pack Sizes available: 25 G, 62 G, 100 G, and 200 G Krackjack The original sweet and salty biscuit is one of the most loved biscuits in the country. It’s not just a biscuit, it’s the taste of relationships captured in a biscuit. A little sweet and a little salty crafted in such a delicate and delicious balance, you can never get enough of it. Have it anytime you like with anything you like. Pack Sizes available: 75G, 170G, 240G Parle Confectionaries: Right from candies to toffees, the sweet ‘n’ treat category of the Parle product range is a genuine treat for every snack lover. This category can satisfy one’s taste and at the same time create a desire for more. These confectioneries are a sheer delight to the taste buds and have a universal appeal. Parle Biscuits and confectioneries, continue to spread happiness & joy among people of all ages. Melody Mango Bite Orange Candy Kachcha Mango BiteKismi ToffeeGolgappa Many of the Parle products – biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionary market in India, Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. While to consumers it’s a beacon of faith and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of marketing brilliance. Parle G, a premium glucose biscuit is the world’s largest selling biscuit. A factory of these glucose biscuits is situated in Neemrana is producing 7000 metric tonnes every month. A list of premium quality biscuits and confectioneries is produced and distributed across nations. 2. RESEARCH DONE- â€Å"Brand representation of Parle product With Compare to Britannia, ITC in Amravati city† INTRODUCTION The report is an earnest endeavor made to understand the present market scenario in biscuits captured by the Parle and the other competitor brands viz., Britannia, ITC & Other. The researchers were required to see the coverage by Parle Products Pvt. Ltd., and bring out the potential and loyal retailers so that the company could maintain the market leadership in the existing business scenario in the biscuits and the confectionaries. During the course of study the researchers visited around 450 unorganized retail stores and 30 organized retail stores and analyzed all major brands of biscuits available as well as studied the brands, which are most preferred among the retailers. The study encompasses the penetration of the existing Parle products (biscuits and confectionaries). Their motive was to study the working of the distributors in Amravati City market. They have mentioned the problems and the loop holes in the Parle’s distribution system and the promotional tools, which they have found during the course of the study and recommended various corrective measures for it. Their study also comprises the comparative analysis between organized and unorganized retail stores in terms of brand availability with the help of hypothesis testing, Depth of Parle with other competitor, Space sharing by Parle and other competitors, and distributors services given to a retailers with the help of questionnaire. Statement of the Problem: * To analyze the brands of Parle Products in unorganized retail stores: 1. As compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). 2. As compared to organized retail stores. * To analyze Market Depth of Parle Products as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). * To analyze Space Share of Parle Products as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). * To analyze Distribution Services of Parle as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). Objectives of the Study: 1. To find out Parle Coverage in various areas of Amravati City. 2. To check the Brand availability of the company products at different stores. 3. To compare the Brand with its competitive Brands like ITC, Britannia, other in terms of coverage, number of brands available, Market Depth and Space Share. 4. To analyze that which type of biscuits and Confessionary are most preferred in what category of store. It was done by analyzing questioner data. 5. To compare the organized retail stores with unorganized retail stores in terms of brand availability. 6. To analyze Distributor Services with competitors like ITC, Britannia & other. Reference Period: This study is conducted for the period of 45 days starting from 15th of JUNE 2011 to 30th of JULY 2011. PROJECT METHODOLGY: Research Type: EXPLORATORY RESEARCH EXPLANTION: The study was conducted by Parle Products Pvt. Ltd in 6-7 areas of Amravati City mentioned below (source list) for the first time regarding market review and comparative analysis between unorganized and organized retail stores.. Thus it is an exploratory type of research. Sample Design: A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample for a given population. It refers to a techniques or procedure adopted in selecting items for the sample. Sampling: Further, the design that has been adopted for the study of the given topic is CONVENIENT SAMPLING. EXPLANATION: During the course of the study we visited a no. of stores that were scattered all over Amravati City (source list mentioned below). Apart from this we had no written record of the number and names of the stores in the city. It was very difficult to tabulate a record of all the retailers and wholesalers present in the city and then carry out our study, in the short span of time that was allotted. As a result we had to select the retailers according to our convenience. We went to the areas and surveyed all shops that could possibly be approached. The following is the sample design that has been adopted for the study. 1. Population:- Finite(Amravati City) 2. Sampling Unit:- Areas of Amravati City 3. Source list:- Unorganized retail stores (Areas): a. Gadge Nagar b. Yashoda Nagar c. Kour Nagar d. Sai Nagar (Badnera Road, Saturna MIDC Road) e. Raja Peth f. Ram Nagar g. Camp, Chaprasi Pura h. Irwin Chouk Organized retail stores: a. D Mart b. Big Bazar c. Super shopee d. Small mals 4. Sample size:- A total of 470 unorganized retail stores with 10 organized retail stores and 4 Distributors. Tools and techniques for Data Collection: Tools and techniques for: 1. Primary Data: – The researchers collected primary data during the course of research period with the help of the questionnaire that was designed for the storekeepers to collect the information that was required to carry out the research. 2. Secondary Data: – Secondary data was collected from books, articles, Internet and previous research papers that had been conducted by the company representatives and officials. Tools and techniques of Analysis: Simple statistical tools and techniques like average, ratios, pie charts, tables and graphs in addition to hypothesis testing (z-test, for difference between proportions) & factor analysis method are used to analyze the data. Limitations of the Study: 1) The study was conducted in 45 days that is not enough for such a vast topic. 2) It was difficult for the storekeepers to pinpoint the sales of a particular brand in both organized and unorganized retail stores. 3) No proper data was available about the stores in the city. 4) There were not a big number of organized retail stores in Amravati to carry out the research more efficiently. 5) As the nature of research was exploratory so it was difficult to cover each and every retailer. 6) Many retailers don’t express their original perception and views because of biasness. ANALYSIS After Doing the PARLE Products Survey as the researchers analyzed that the best selling branded biscuit company offers its customers with large variety of biscuits (parle-g, krack-jack, 20-20, Monaco, hide and seek etc.), confectionaries (mangobite, melody, poppins). It aims â€Å"TO SERVE PEOPLE AND NATION† The privately owned self financed company provides motivation and confidence to its staff and other related members by providing various facilities and organizing certain events. It has a very open work culture. The atmosphere is so comfortable and relaxed that helps in increasing productivity and efficiency. It lunches and outstation team-building exercises that augment inter-personal relations and mutual understanding. Parle has found its way into the Indian hearts and home. It spreads happiness and joy among the people of all ages. SWOT ANALYSIS OF PARLE PRODUCTS STRENGTH 1. Low price as compared to competitors 2. Sizeable market share in the country. 3. Offers variety of products under its brand. 4. Different sizes of packets are available. 5. An experienced team of sales and marketing executives. 6. Deep and effective coverage 7. Largest distribution system.| WEAKNESS 1. Breakage of biscuits while delivering to retailers 2. No proper replacement system for broken biscuits to retailers 3. Improper and irregular supply. 4. Less share in Premium biscuit market. 5. Dependent on its flagship brand, Parle-G 6. Poor packaging in family pack of glucose biscuits. 7. Lack of schemes for retailers and distributors.| OPPORTUNITY 1. Rising demand for innovative packaging in packaged foods. 2. Retaining loyal retailers or wholesalers. 3. Improving supply system for established brands. 4. Huge scope for some Parle products in medical shops. 5. Information revolution brought about by the television. 6. Good scope for snacks and namkeens, if launched and properly promoted by Parle.| THREAT 1. Highly advertised brands such as Britannia. 2. Ever increasing competition from multinationals and local companies. 3. Increase in sale of cheap local bakery products. 4. Emerging substitutes like wafers, snacks and toast. 5. Margin war among th e major Brands| FINDINGS: After close study of the present market situation prevailing in the areas assigned the researchers, following are the observations. 1. Breakage problem in the Family packs of glucose biscuits is leading to the decline in sales in this category. 2. Schemes, Discounts, offers, coupons etc. are not reaching to the retailers and customers whereas Britannia and ITC on the other hand are doing that. 3. Retailers and even wholesalers is satisfied with the supply system of Parle. 4. It was found that Parle (especially Parle- glucose) is most favored brand and is sold most. Parle biscuits are the retailers and consumers prime choice. 5. Very little range of Parle biscuits were visible in organized retail outlets. 6. Britannia is emerging as Major Competitor in the organized & unorganized retail outlets. RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS: 1. Company should start a program for the loyal retailers and wholesalers to reduce their complaints by providing timely supply and replacement. This will help in increasing their sales. 2. The packaging of Parle Glucose biscuits (1/2 and 1 kilogram packs) must be improved for its better sales. The company should come up with double packaging as people refuse to buy family pack biscuits with loose packaging. 3. Salesmen should be properly dressed and should have good communication skills to effectively promote the new products recently launched, by making sure that the product reaches each and every retailer and also increase the visibility of the products by arranging the product clearly on the shelf or rack and show its prominence. 4. To increase the number of stock keeping units {SKU} available in the retailers store. Each salesman should stress the retailers to keep the maximum SKUs and to maintain these SKUs throughout. With this, the replacement of the damaged and expired biscuits should be prompt and without any hassles, so that retailer can be save d from the loss of the expired and damaged goods. 5. The company should take proper measures that the schemes and offers are not gulped by the middlemen, and that it benefits the retailers and customers. CONCLUSION: After conducting the survey on 470 unorganized retailers, 10 organized retailers and 4 Distributors, the researchers found that there is a bigger market for biscuits and Confessionary in unorganized retail stores if proper supply of goods without breakage is there. It was also concluded that Parle is the first preference of both the customers and retailers (Organized and unorganized both) because of its price and brand image. Brand Parle G dominates the volume-dominated biscuit market. Even in today’s times when multinationals are beefing up their operations and trying to change the dynamics of the market, Parle G’s numbers & Quality position is unchallenged. Its competitors have roped in superstars like King Khan and Sachin Tendulkar, but Parle G has only gone from strength to strength. Brand Parle G is iconic and has evolved over the years. Trust, relevance, affordability are its hallmarks, which have withstood pressures from the hyper-competitive marketplace. The Parle Biscuit brands, such as, Parle-G, Monaco, Krackjack, 20-20, Marie Choice, Hide & Seek and confectionery brands, such as, Melody, Poppins, Mangobite enjoy a strong imagery and appeal amongst consumers across the world. Which has resulted into Parle-G being the â€Å"world’s largest selling biscuit†. The Parle name symbolizes quality, health and great taste. Constantly innovating and catering to new tastes PARLE-G has built its reputation. This can be seen from the success of its new brands such as 20-20, Imli Bite etc. Parle Products Pvt Ltd., is now lagging in services to retailers because of improper supply and distribution in some areas and competitors taking advantage of these points. Appendix: QUESTIONNAIRE Name of the shop: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Name of the shop owner: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Contact No. : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Shop Category: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Weather the retailer keeping Biscuit of any company. Parle Britannia ITC Other 2. If not keeping, weather they are interested to keep? Yes No 3. How much Biscuits brand the retailers have? Parle Britannia ITC Other 4. Space share by Biscuits? Parle Britannia ITC Other 5. Glucose Biscuit Depth. Parle-G Tiger Sun fest other 6. Salted Biscuit Depth. Monaco 50-50 Snacky 7. Cookies Biscuit Depth. 20-20 Good Day Sunfest butter cookies 8. Marie Biscuit Depth. Marie Marie Gold Marie Light 9. Cream Biscuit Depth. Hide-n-Seek Bourbun Spacial 10. Chocolate Brand in Shops? i)Perfeti ii)Parle iii)ITC iv)Nastle v)Cadbary vi)Nutrien vii)Others 11. Space share by chocolates. Perfeti Parle ITC Nastle Cadbary 12. Are you satisfied with distributor services? Parle Britannia ITC Other Remark: ________________________________________________ BIBLIOGRAPHY: I. KOTHARI .C.R. Research Methodology, New Delhi New Age International Publishers II. KOTLER PHILIP & KELLER KEVIN LANE ,Marketing Management ,Practice Hall ,New Delhi III. Websites: wikipedia search: (www.wikipedia.com) www.parleproducts.com www.tradeindia.com

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay

Discuss Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s presentation of evil in the Hound of the Baskervilles  In some eyes, Doyle is the creator of Sherlock Holmes and the man who started the whole detective genre scene. However, my admiration for Doyle goes further than just enjoying Holmes’s latest escapade.  On a superficial level, Doyle uses powerful verbs and adjectives to create the evil atmosphere, and teamed up with the colourful writing of the background, he can simply and easily create a blanket of malice around the hound;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There stood a foul thing, a great, black beast†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  In my mind, the best way Doyle portrays evil is by adding a touch of verisimilitude to his novel. â€Å"Of course, I’ve heard of the hound ever since I was in the nursery. It’s the pet story of the family, though I never thought of taking it seriously before.†Ã‚  Here, by adding a history to the hound, Doyle gave an unbelievable beast a sense of authenticity.  Doyle can contribute to the ‘believability factor’ in other ways;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"From this point onwards I will follow the course of events by transcribing my own letters to Mr Sherlock Holmes which lie before me on the table.†Ã‚  This is an excellent example of how Doyle can make a fictional character recite a fictional event, and still have it sound as if it is a factual account.  The weather is another method employed by Doyle to give the novel realism. â€Å"October 16th – A dull and foggy day, with a drizzle of rain. The house is banked in with rolling clouds, which rise now and then to show the dreary curves of the moor, with thin, silver veins upon the sides of the hills, and the distant boulders gleaming where the light strikes upon their wet faces†Ã‚  Here, instead of going into the character’s actions, Doyle goes into great detail about the surroundings, to add to the authenticity of the proceeding actions. More specifically about the bleak weather, the malevolence of the hound is easier to comprehend because of the desolate backdrop of the Moors.  Moving away from the idea of the weather being used to create realism, I can see a more important part the weather plays in the novel. Doyle uses the weather so extensively throughout the narrative you could say that the weather is a character in its own right. Doyle’s use of patheticfallacy helps to convey the character’s feelings of terror towards the evil of the hound, which combined with points I mentioned previously, help to improve the impact of the, in comparison, small matter of a large dog.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœDiscuss the presentation of evil in the Hound of the Baskervilles’ is a difficult question to answer. That’s why I thought it best to go to the hound itself;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Or a spectral hound, black, silent, and monstrous?†Ã‚  The hound is expressed as a satanic manifestation, a beast with no hope, no scruples. It symbolises the greed and evil harboured in men, and what could be unleashed if the thin veneer of morality, which protects us from our own desires, was breached. You could even go as far as to say that the beast is Doyle’s representation of the darker side of capitalism. The beast is also a symbol of how fear can be use against people, and how people can be led to believe the unbelievable;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To do so would be to descend to the level of these poor peasants who are not content with a mere fiend dog, but must needs describe him with hell-fire shooting from his mouth and eyes.†Ã‚  As touched on previously, this story can be read simply by fans of the Sherlock Holmes trilogy and the simply put evil references on the surface of the novel can act in as good as a way as the deeper points. Also the pace of action is a simple writer’s trick to help boost the presentation of the subject. For example, Doyle uses fast snappy sentences, such as ‘gaunt, savage and as large as a small lioness’, to speed up the action, and he uses long and complex sentences to allow the reader to reflect on the previous action. They are also used to allow the reader to start to solve the mystery in their own head. Another point of interest for me is the idea of a tragedy, the main tragedy of course being Stapleton. The thought that Stapleton could have been a good and loyal friend to Sir Charles Baskerville, but then turned to the greed in his own heart of the possible inheritance, is what constitutes a real tragedy.  To conclude, there are many ways in which Doyle portrays evil through his writing, be they the beast, the realism developed or the simple good versus evil. However, I have also found that none of the methods can stand alone, and that they all compliment each other in the rich diversity that is the Hound of The Baskervilles. I’ve been James Cordingley, thank you for reading and I hope you enjoyed it.

Indian Motorcycle Essay

Indian Motorcycles: America’s First Motorcycle 2 The specific purpose of this presentation is to inform the audience and give a brief insight into the history of the Indian Motorcycle Company. The desired outcome of this presentation is to give a sense of understanding to the audience with regards to Indian Motorcycles. 1. Introduction Indian Motorcycles – An exquisitely designed machine, a thrilling history and a wellknown rivalry with its competition Harley Davidson, makes the Indian Motorcycle a legend in its own time. The history of the Indian Motorcycle dates back to the turn of the 20th century. They have taken our troops into two World Wars and have set land speed records, one of which still stands today. a. America’s love for the motorcycle began in 1900 with bicycle racer George M. Hendee and engineering wizard Carl Oscar Hedstrom. In 1901, the partners, who were both former bicycle racers, unveiled their first creation, the 1901 Single. This was a 1. 75 bhp, single cylinder engine in Hendee’s home town of Springfield. b. The Indian Motorcycle was produced from 1901 to 1944 under the Indian name. In 1945, the company was sold and consolidated into the Torque Engineering Company. Later, the company was divided, with manufacturing going to the Atlas Corporation and distribution to The Indian Sales Corporation. Following the war, Indian struggled with re-entry into the public market. In 1953, with sales continuing to plummet, Indian was forced to halt production. c. After numerous attempts to revive the Indian name since its close in 1953, several formerly competing companies merge to become the Indian Motorcycle Company in 1998. Manufacturing begins in 1999, but the venture proves unsuccessful, and 2003 is the company’s final model year.d. In 2004, Stephen Julius and Steve Heese, business partners who resurrected the dying Chris-Craft Boat Company, turned their attention to Indian. They acquired the trademark rights and in 2008 production began. In 2009, Indians start rolling of the assembly line in Kings Mountain, NC. and production continues through today. 2. Competition and the Indian a. One of the American firm’s best early results came in the Isle of Man TT race in 1911, when Indian riders Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third. b. Indian star. Jake De Rosier set several speed records both in America and at Brooklands in England, and won an estimated 900 races on dirt-tracks. He left Indian for Excelsior and died in 1913, aged 33, of injuries sustained in a race crash. c. In 1967, New Zealander Herbert â€Å"Burt† Munro, a 68 year old grandfather, used a self-modified 1920s Indian Scout to an under-1000cc land-speed record at the Bonneville Salt Flats which clocked him at a top speed of 206 3 miles per hour. Forty four years later, Munro and his Indian’s record still stands. This was dramatized in the 2005 film â€Å"The World’s Fastest Indian†. 3. Modern Marvels a. In 1904, Indian wins the Gold Medal for Mechanical Excellence at the St. Louis Exposition. b. In 1906, Indian released the first American production V-Twin. More than 100 years later, the V-Twin engine remains most popular cruiser-motorcycle engine design. c. In 1940, Indian engineers incorporate the use of â€Å"plunger†. This is a spring, coupled to an oil-dampened shaft, and together becomes rear suspension. d. In 1943, Indian wins the coveted Army-Navy Production Award for its highly advanced shaft-drive, four-speed motorcycle built for the military. 4. Indian Models a. Indian introduced the Twin in 1907. b. In 1920, Indian expanded the model lineup to five. c. The revolutionary Scout, the 95 mph Chief, the even more powerful Big Chief, the lightweight Prince and the awesome 4-cylinder Four. d. In 1932, The Pony Scout and the Sport Scout were both introduced. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, Indian Motorcycles have withstood the test of time, although hard times did fall upon them and bankruptcy was filed. Production was halted for a number of years, but in the end America’s First Motorcycle has solidified its name in America’s history books. Indian Motorcycles proved to be engineering marvels from the first moment of conception through today. From the battlefields of World War 1 and 2 to the racetracks of days gone by, Indian Motorcycles are an American Icon. 4 References Johnstone, G. â€Å"Classic Motorcycles† p. 44, 46-47 Tiger Books International PLC, 1993 Franklin’s Indians: â€Å"Irish motorcycle racer Charles B Franklin, designer of the Indian Scout & Chief†, by Harry V Sucher, Tim Pickering, Liam Diamond and Harry Havelin, pp. 46-50, Panther Publishing Ltd, 2011 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 11 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 108-109 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 â€Å"Online Museum for Indian Bicycles†. Retrieved 2011-10-03 Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 31 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 271 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 37 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 http://www. indianmotorcycle. com/ 5 Description of Visuals Title Slide 1– This slide introduces my presentation, states my name, date, class/number and Professor. Introduction Slide 2 – With this slide, I formally introduce my presentation. I used colors that are appealing to the eyes and relevant to the colors of my topic. The picture is a vintage Indian sign displaying one of Indians first logos. Main Point Slide 3 – This slide displays pictures of each of the two men that started Indian Motorcycles and gives a brief history of the men. Slide 4 – This slide describes more history and the picture represents a 1940’s logo. Slide 5 – This slide continues with history and the picture is of the traditional Indian Head Fender Light. Slide 6 – This slides finishes out the history portion of my presentation and the picture is of Indians biggest motorcycle â€Å"The Big Chief†. Slide 7 – With this slide, I introduce the competition part of my presentation and the picture is of an Indian hill climb race. Slide 8 – The slide talks about the racing efforts and the pictures are of two of Team Indian’s top racers. Slide 9 – This slide talks about the record setting Herbert â€Å"Burt† Munro and his top speed of 205 mph. The picture is of Mr. Munro and his machine. Slide 10 – With this slide, I introduce the engineering achievements and awards that Indian won. The pictures are of a V-Twin engine, a military Indian and the Indian corporate factory. Slide 11 – This slide list the various models that Indian produced and the pictures are of the Sport Scout, the V-Twin and the Pony Scout. Conclusion Slide 12 – This slide re-visits the main points of the presentation and finishes off with a Famous Indian Motorcycle quote. No pictures as of yet.

People have become overly dependent on technology Essay - 1

People have become overly dependent on technology - Essay Example This was the beginning of the end as far as we know it. The social media networks, email, chat rooms, blogs, microwave ovens, etc., all of these technologically dependent outlets of communication, research, and personal connectivity have change the landscape of human interaction as we know it. We have, as a collective planet, become overly dependent on technology for our existence in our everyday lives. Technology is not something that was created in order to create a slew of technology dependent people. Rather, technology is continuously invented, reinvented, and improved upon by its creators in order to help make our lives easier and allow us to keep in personal contact with the people around us. It was never meant to create a bubble within which one can function without ever crossing paths or personally speaking to another person. That was never the idea behind all of these technological advancements. Rather than creating a beneficial synergy between man and technology, a disconne ct was created between man and fellow man due to the middle man known as technology. Our whole world is totally run by technology. All of our actions are dictated by the existence of a gadget that aids us in doing various activities that we used to be able to do without any help from machines or gadgets, but we managed to complete through the help of other people. From the complicated tasks of laying building foundations for the constructions of a building, all the way to the simple task of taking a hot shower, we have given up even the simplest of human activities to technology in order to do things faster, easier, and better. However, one cannot help but wonder as to what is lost by human beings in this aspect. Surely there is a problem with the over dependence of mankind on technology. Take for example, the case of a medical patient who has come in for a check-up. Say this patient had a CT Scan procedure done. The technologist runs the test without knowing that the machine was de fective. The results come out and show the that patient has a tumor, which was not actually a tumor but a problem with the scanning system of the machine. The attending physician relays the same information to the patient and begins to draw up a treatment plan. Nobody bothers to question whether the technology used in the test made a mistake. That is because technology is supposed to be infallible and therefore always correct. Human dependence on technology in this case just caused harm to another human being. This type of technology dependence is something that actually happens quite often these days in the medical field. According to Susan Marden (187) of the Mark Hatfield Clinical Research Center; Technology dependence has been defined as reliance on a variety of devices, drugs and procedures to alleviate or remedy acute or chronic health problems. Health professionals must ensure that these technologies result in positive outcomes for those who must rely on them, while minimizin g the potential for unintended consequences. These unintended consquences have a way of creeping into our daily lives. Technological dependence has redefined the way we live our lives. We have at least 2 generations of people who have never spent time playing outdoors, whose minds were never creatively enticed by what they saw in the park of the people they spoke to. Instead, we have a generation or so of people who hide behind their computer

Traveling Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traveling Abroad - Essay Example Venezuela, Russia, South Korea and China, have also been enlisted to be ranked in the category of projecting unfriendliness towards foreign visitors (Cha, 2013). Nevertheless, as these places present some unique tourism cultures and attractions, tourists can take certain preventive measures when visiting these places. It is worth mentioning in this context that the top priority of every tourist or traveller should be to look forward to his/her own safety first and then, worry about their travelling experiences. An individual should also take into consideration certain essential facts before going for an international trip. Above all, the most important fact is that every foreign visitor, no matter to whichever nation they visit, should go through the past records of every foreign visitor related crime that occurred within that nation and take requisite measures thereto (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). They should also have some formulated backup planning about how to save themselves in case they get into any sort of trouble. Apart from this, the travelers should also book travel packages through registered traveling agencies. Adding to that, they should continuously keep in touch with their family members or some local law authorities who might be helpful in case the travelling individuals get into any sort of trouble (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). Moreover, every international airport is quite likely to maintain a certain degree of safety and an authoritative body who can provide necessary information on the risk rates of various areas within their countries. Apart from these safety measures, the tourists should also keep hold of their necessary identification documents. They should avoid high level of exposure and contact with local inhabitants as well. The visitors should further keep

General principles of contact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

General principles of contact - Essay Example There is also an objective and subjective component. The objective test relies on whether or not an "independent observer, appraised of the background facts known to the parties, would consider there to have been an agreement, and if so what agreement".2 It is beneficial to reduce an agreement expressly, or in written form, where there will be little doubt to its existence and content or terms.3 Where there are doubts, however, the law uses a two-fold process of offer and acceptance.4 Firstly, an offer intends to make a contract. For an offer to be complete, there must be an intention, it must be communicated, and it must be certain and complete. No further steps are anticipated. "I accept" will form a contract. It will not be an offer if the offeree does not hear it from the offeror.5 The offer may be destroyed by withdrawal by the offeror, a lapse of time specified by the offeror, or at a reasonable time after being made, and also by being superseded by a subsequent offer (by offeror or offeree), or lastly being rejected by the offeree.6 Offers must be distinguished from an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat gives the offeree a chance to make an offer to purchase the item. Some examples include: Advertisements or shop displays.7 Unilateral offers are contracts where the acceptance and performance are simultaneous, and takes the form of: "If you do this then I promise that" (examples: rewards and tenders). The contract is unilateral because only the offeror is bound.8 Until the offeree performs, he/she has not accepted. When performance has happened, the offeree has nothing left to do.9 However, there are problems with unilateral offers. The normal rule is that you can revoke until communication of acceptance, which may lead to unfair results. The "Walking to York" example suggests that you must walk all the way to York in order to have accepted the unilateral contract. Thus, walking 80%, or partial walking, is not acceptance. Performance then must be complete or the offer can be revoked.10 Partial completio n, however, may give rise to quantum meruit, which allows for the offeror to revoke the offer but to award the offeree a reasonable value for the time and effort he has put in up to the time of revocation. It is usually imposed to avoid the unjust enrichment of one party at the expense of another. For there to be a valid acceptance of an offer, there must be a mirror image of the offer without adding anything new.11 The communication of acceptance must be expressly or impliedly dictated.12 Silence is not acceptance.13 In order for a contract to be considered binding there must be consideration. The Pollock definition of consideration is: "An act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for vale is enforceable." There must be a benefit - detriment component to show a causal link. The case of Thomas v Thomas states that "consideration means something which is of some value in the eye of the law, moving from the plaintiff to defendant. It may be some benefit to the plaintiff or some detriment to the defendant".14 More specifically, however, the formation of a straightforward civil engineering contract follows a similar process. It may proceed in the following stages: invitation to tender; tender or

Can the United States be said to be dominant within the international Dissertation

Can the United States be said to be dominant within the international financial institutions of the IMF and the World Bank - Dissertation Example IMF (International Monetary Funds) and World Bank are the most prominent international financial institutions that were formed after the World War II with an objective to transfer capital funds from robust to starving countries in the world. Kapur (1999) says that the World Bank was established to serve the purpose of a financial cooperative with the patronage of economically strong countries of the world. The Bank was determined to raise funds from international market at lower rates and disperse them to the economically weaker countries for which it was not easy to borrow from international market at those rates as the Bank. IMF and World Bank have strong economic and political ties. A country willing to become a member of the latter needs to be a member of the former institution. The management framework of both these financial institutions is similar with the striking difference of share allocation system that ascertains the number of shares owned by each member country. Mistry illustrates that share allocation to the members of the World Bank follows no certain rules or obligations, however in the IMF, the share allocation is determined by Quota system where every country owns a specific number of fixed shares. Again in both these institutions, the borrowing countries hold a smaller ratio of the total shares as opposed to the shares owned by the economically stronger countries that enjoy influence over the entire minority. These institutions can exercise a great degree of influence both economically and politically.... Kapur (1999) says that the World Bank was established to serve the purpose of finance cooperative with the patronage of economically strong countries of the world. The Bank was determined to raise funds from international market at lower rates and disperse them to the economically weaker countries for which it was not easy to borrow from international market at those rates as the Bank. IMF and World Bank have strong economic and political ties. A country willing to become a member of the latter needs to be a member of former institution. The management framework of both these financial institutions are similar with the striking difference of share allocation system that ascertains the number of shares owned by each member country. Mistry (1995) illustrates that share allocation to the members of the World Bank follows no certain rules or obligations, however in the IMF, the share allocation is determined by Quota system where every country owns a specific number of fixed shares. Again in both these institutions the borrowing (developing) countries hold a smaller ratio of the total shares as opposed to the shares owned by the economically stronger countries that enjoy influence over the entire minority. These institutions can exercise a great degree of influence both economically and politically over the countries that choose to borrow from IMF and World Bank. Cox (1993) illuminates that the power and influence of these international financial institutions is due to the reasons that their conditions most prominently enhance their power over the borrowing countries, they are formed by economic super powers so as to maintain their power, and their key members mostly represent countries with high economic strength.